I try to write in English because muet writing will be this Saturday!! March 3rd. The listening and reading tests as well. And because of that i have to return back to the college 2 days earlier means March 1st. My father never allow me to go anywhere alone. A long distance travelling. Luckily i have Tira my classmate. But unluckily we take different buses. Haha. Hows weird the life is..
Err..eerr..
What kinda nonsense introduction did i wrote??? Huhu.
People says sharing is caring. Sharing is loving. Caring is loving. Loving is ?????? *creekk2. In my college, students love to do that kind of sound (creekkk2) when the mode is silent.
I just want to share about a disease..in order to prepare for the mock interview that will be held this March, but we still dont know the exact date, Mr Azran ask us to present about a disease. Any kind of disease in this big world. And i feel very interested with one of my friend's presentation.
It's about AIS. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. I never heard about this before. I show you the content of the slides..
What is AIS????
vAndrogen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a condition when a person who is genetically male (XY) is resistant to male hormones called androgens.
vThe unresponsiveness of the cell to the presence of androgens can prevent the masculinization of male genital in the developing fetus, as well as the development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.
vBut does not significantly damage female genital or sexual development.
vAs a result, the person has some or all of the physical characteristics of a woman, despite having the genetic makeup of a man.
The syndrome is divided into two main categories:
•Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia is that of a normal female. It prevents the development of the penis and other male body parts. The child born appears to be a girl.
•Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia is partially, but not fully masculinized.
Symptoms and Signs ???
CAIS
üPhenotypically female.
üThe gonads in these women are not ovaries but instead are testes.
üFemale external genitalia, a short, blind ending vagina.
üThe absence of a prostate.
üDo not have a uterus and therefore do not menstruate and are unable to conceive a child (infertile).
üAffected individuals have testes that are abnormally located in the pelvis or abdomen.
üUndescended testes can become cancerous later in life if they are not surgically removed.
üTypically tall for a woman, averaging about 5 feet 7½ inches (171.5 cm).
üLonger legs and arms, and larger hands and feet than the average woman.
üWill not suffer from acne or temporal balding.
üLittle or no pubic hair and auxiliary body hair will develop.
ü The overall effect is that AIS women tend to be exceptionally beautiful with above average height (for a woman), long well proportioned legs, generous breasts, flashing smiles, exceptionally clear skin and luxuriantly thick scalp hair.
PAIS
üAlso known as Reifenstein Syndrome.
üExternal female genitalia and pubic hair at puberty.
ü Patients from this latter group can present with a micropenis.
üThe gonads in individuals with PAIS are testes.
üBreast development in men.
üBoth male and female physical characteristics.
üMany have partial closing of the outer vaginal lips and a short vagina.
üTestes in the abdomen or other unusual places in the body.
üPartially prevent the masculinization of the genitalia, but is not great enough to completely prevent genital masculinization.
üHigh pitched voice.
üMajority of individuals with PAIS are raised.
CAUSES OF AIS
ØMutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS).
ØThis gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor.
ØAndrogen receptors allow cells to respond to androgens, which are hormones that direct male sexual development.
ØMutations in the AR gene prevent androgen receptors from working properly, which makes cells less responsive to androgens or prevents cells from using these hormones at all.
ØDepending on the level of androgen insensitivity, an affected person's sex characteristics can vary from mostly female to mostly male.
EXAMPLE :
 |
| EVEN ATWOOD vShe was a model, actress and a jazz singer. |
vBut, she felt there was something unusual about her.
vWhen she was 15, her stepmother told her that she (Atwood) was half-man, half-woman.
vThe DNA test showed she had a male chromosome XY.
The problem in the world of science is dubbed Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), which is in fact a disorder of sexual development
Fuhhh.. what kind of disease right.. we never thought that these people exist ! A woman. Really2 woman look alike, actually has XY chromosome. Those woman cant realise that they have the syndrome until they make a diagnosis, genetic testing (karyotyping) to identify their chromosomes.
But the first sign that maybe we should aware of is those woman never have menstruation as they do not have uterus. And they cant have a baby.
However, nobody wish for the syndrome. We should give moral support to them as they will face a little confusion and difficulties in accepting their condition. Supports from the family, friends and people around them is the best medcine. :DD
Till then, i end this post with a quote..
“To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.”
Oh ya! I was wrong. Actually this is my 17th post. Not 19th. Same goes that i'm not 19 yet. Ngeh2
Credit to FATIN ALI for the awesome knowledge !
